Vitalik Buterin proposes an Ethereum quantum-resistant roadmap, covering consensus, data availability, and signature scheme adjustments

WuSaidBlockchainW · 2026-02-26T18:46:35+00:00

Vitalik Buterin pointed out four types of quantum vulnerabilities in Ethereum and proposed a phased replacement plan, recommending replacing BLS with hash-based signatures, migrating data availability to STARK, introducing native account abstraction to support quantum-resistant signatures, and simplifying application layer proof verification through recursive aggregation at the protocol layer.

WuSaidBlockchainW

2026-02-26 18:46:35

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Wu said that Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum currently has four types of quantum vulnerabilities: consensus layer BLS signatures, data availability reliance on KZG commitments and proofs, EOA’s ECDSA signatures, and application layer ZK proofs based on KZG or Groth16. The proposed approach is phased replacement: replacing BLS with hash-based signatures (such as Winternitz variants) at the consensus layer, combined with STARK aggregation, while carefully selecting new core hash functions; migrating data availability from KZG to STARK, addressing the 2D DAS linearity and erasure code proof issues; supporting arbitrary quantum-resistant signatures for EOAs through native account abstraction (EIP-8141), combined with vectorized precompiles and recursive protocol layer aggregation to reduce verification costs; and compressing extensive verification logic into few on-chain verifications through recursive protocol layer signatures and proof aggregation.

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